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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide. Colonoscopy is the examination of choice for the prevention of CRC because of its great diagnostic and, especially, therapeutic capacity in relation to adenomatous lesions. AIMS: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, macroscopic, and histological characteristics of polypoid rectal lesions resected through endoscopic techniques and assess whether endoscopic therapy is safe and efficient for treating lesions located in the rectum. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study with an analysis of the medical records of all patients undergoing resection of rectal polyps. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients with rectal lesions were evaluated, with 59 men and 64 women of mean age 56 years. All patients underwent endoscopic resection: 70% with polypectomy and 30% with wide mucosectomy. Complete colonoscopy with removal of the entire rectal lesion occurred in 91%, while in 5% the preparation was inadequate and poor clinical conditions were an impeditive factor, and in 4% surgical treatment was indicated because there was an infiltrative lesion with central ulceration. Histological evaluation showed adenomas in 3.25%, hyperplasia in 7.32%, and hamartoma in 0.81%; low-grade dysplasia was identified in 34.96%, high-grade dysplasia in 51.22%, and adenocarcinoma in 1.63%, while one case (0.81%) was classified as erosion. CONCLUSIONS: Polyps in the rectum are common and were found in 37% of these colonoscopies. Adenomas with dysplasia were the most common form of Colorectal cancer . Therapeutic colonoscopy proved to be a safe and efficient method for the complete treatment of rectal lesions.
RESUMO RACIONAL: O câncer colorretal (CCR) está entre as neoplasias mais comuns em todo o mundo. A colonoscopia é o exame de escolha para prevenção por sua grande capacidade diagnóstica e, principalmente, terapêutica em relação às lesões adenomatosas. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a prevalência, as características macroscópicas e histológicas das lesões polipoides retais ressecadas por técnicas endoscópicas e avaliar se a terapia endoscópica é segura e eficaz para o tratamento de lesões localizadas no reto. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional retrospectivo com análise dos prontuários de todos os pacientes submetidos à ressecção de pólipos retais. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 123 pacientes com lesões retais: 59 homens e 64 mulheres com idade média de 56 anos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à ressecção endoscópica: 70% com polipectomia e 30% com mucosectomia ampla. A colonoscopia completa com retirada de toda a lesão retal ocorreu em 91%, enquanto em 5% o preparo foi inadequado e as más condições clínicas foram fator impeditivo, e em 4% o tratamento cirúrgico foi indicado por haver lesão infiltrativa com ulceração central. A avaliação histológica mostrou adenomas em 3,25%, hiperplasia em 7,32% e hamartoma em 0,81%; displasia de baixo grau foi identificada em 34,96%, displasia de alto grau em 51,22% e adenocarcinoma em 1,63%, enquanto um caso (0,81%) foi classificado como erosão. CONCLUSÕES: Pólipos no reto são comuns e foram encontrados em 37% das colonoscopias. Adenomas com displasia foram a forma mais comum de câncer colorretal. A colonoscopia terapêutica mostrou-se método seguro e eficiente para o tratamento completo das lesões retais.
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Objective:To explore the effect of cold-strap endoscopic mucosal resection (CS-EMR) in patients with colorectal polyps.Methods:A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted to 320 selected patients with colorectal polyps diagnosed by Shenzhen Luohu District People′s Hospital from May 2019 to June 2021. The patients were randomly divided into CS-EMR group and HS-EMR group with 160 cases each, using a random number table generated by Excel 2007. The main parameters for statistical analysis contain the process indicators of the two groups of surgical methods, the complete polypectomy rate of patients after surgery, the degree of postoperative pain and the recovery of gastrointestinal function, and the differences in surgical complications.Results:The polypectomy time of CS-EMR group was shorter than that of HS-EMR group: (4.11 ± 1.20) min vs. (4.42 ± 0.98) min, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The score of visual analogue pain scale (VAS) in CS-EMR group was lower than that in HS-EMR group at 4 and 12 hours after operation: (3.11 ± 0.78) scores vs. (3.48 ± 0.80) scores, (3.38 ± 0.80) scores vs. (3.61 ± 0.92) scores, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The first anal exhaust time and first defecation time in CS-EMR group were lower than those in HS-EMR group: (27.83 ± 5.01) h vs. (29.66 ± 4.84) h, (43.73 ± 7.80) h vs. (47.28 ± 8.14) h, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The complications in CS-EMR group were significantly lower than those in HS-EMR group: 5.63% (9/160) vs. 12.50% (20/160), with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The effect of CS-EMR in the treatment of colorectal polyps is not different from that of HS-EMR, but the former has the advantages of short resection time, rapid recovery of gastrointestinal function after operation, light pain and less complications.
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Objective:To compare the histopathological features and treatment efficacy of different methods for metachronous early gastric cancer (MEGC) in the remnant stomach.Methods:A total of 66 patients [38 endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and 28 gastrectomy] with MEGC in the remnant stomach from January 2014 to December 2020 in Drum Tower Hospital were divided into the ESD group and the gastrectomy group. The baseline characteristics, histopathological features, treatment efficacy, and cost differences of the two groups were analyzed.Results:The MEGC in the remnant stomach mostly occurred in elderly male patients, with the mean age of 69.7±8.5 years. The mean interval of the occurrence of MEGC in the remnant stomach was 6 years. As for the tumor location, the gastric body (31.6%) was the main location in the ESD group and gastric cardia (53.6%) in the gastrectomy group with significant difference ( χ2=11.07, P=0.026). The mean operation time, hospital stay, postoperative fasting time, and total treatment cost were 80.0 min, 6.0 d, 1.5 d, ￥19 436 in the ESD group and 215.0 min, 19.0 d, 6.5 d, and ￥68 665 in the gastrectomy group, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). The overall survival rate during follow-up was 76.3% in the ESD group and 71.4% in the gastrectomy group with no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.736, P=0.778). In terms of postoperative complications, the incidences of bleeding and infection were 7.9% and 5.3% in the ESD group, and those of obstruction and infection were both 14.3% in the gastrectomy group. There was significant difference in the incidences of postoperative obstruction between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:ESD is safe and effective for MEGC in the remnant stomach and is better than gastrectomy in terms of the treatment cost and operation time, but the long-term efficacy still needs to be validated by large-scale prospective studies.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficiency and safety of modified endoscopic anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (rGERD) with moderate hiatus hernia.Methods:A total of 30 patients with rGERD with moderate hiatus hernia (3-5 cm) diagnosed at the Department of Gastroenterology of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from June 2017 to June 2020 were randomly divided into 2/3 circumferential mucosal resection group ( n=15) and 3/4 circumferential mucosal resection group ( n=15) using random number table method, and received modified ARMS of the corresponding mucosal resection range. The GERD symptoms, esophagitis under endoscopy, 24 h pH results, and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure were compared before and after the procedure. The therapeutic effect and complications of the two groups were analyzed. Results:In 2/3 resection group, the GERD questionnaire scores (9.53±0.36 VS 11.93±0.57, t=6.874, P<0.001), acid exposure time (19.81%±1.72% VS 31.45%±2.78%, t=8.020, P<0.001) and the DeMeester score based on 24 h esophageal pH monitoring (40.98±4.55 VS 55.33±5.65, t=6.408, P<0.001) at 6 months after the treatment showed a significant reduction compared with those before. In 3/4 resection group, the GERD questionnaire scores (9.0±0.57 VS 12.47±0.68, t=8.650, P<0.001), acid exposure time (20.07%±2.19% VS 29.96%±3.00%, t=7.444, P<0.001) and the DeMeester score (33.67±3.47 VS 51.17±6.03, t=4.973, P<0.001) at 6 months after the treatment were lower than those before. There was no significant difference in the GERD questionnaire scores ( t=0.790, P=0.436), acid exposure time ( t=0.093, P=0.926) or the DeMeester score ( t=1.278, P=0.212) between the two groups at 6 months after treatment. In the two groups, there was no significant difference in the ratio of esophagitis grade C and D (10/15 VS 5/15, χ2=3.894, P=0.063; 8/15 VS 4/15, χ2=2.778, P=0.125) or LES resting pressure [3.29 (2.66,8.29) mmHg VS 3.98 (3.67,9.43) mmHg, P=0.334;5.78 (1.9,8.46) mmHg VS 5.88 (3.28,8.99) mmHg, P=0.125] before and after the treatment. No postoperative delayed bleeding or perforation was observed. The incidence of postoperative esophageal stenosis of 2/3 resection group was lower than that of the other group (1/15 VS 6/15, χ2=4.658, P=0.021). Conclusion:Modified ARMS is effective for controlling reflux symptoms and esophageal acid exposure in rGRED patients with moderate hiatus hernia (3-5 cm), but cannot significantly increase the postoperative resting pressure of LES. Compared with 3/4 circumferential mucosal resection, 2/3 circumferential mucosal resection can reduce the incidence of postoperative esophageal stenosis.
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ABSTRACT Background: Endoscopic treatment of precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer has been widely accepted in recent years. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), following established indication criteria, can lead to cure of the disease in more than 90% of cases. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the use of ESD in patients with early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions, as well as the results of the procedure, its complications and effectiveness in controlling the disease. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study composed of 41 patients aged from 53 to 87 years (mean age: 65 years; 58.53% male) who were analyzed from 2008 to 2019. The variables collected from the medical records were: comorbidities, classification of the lesion regarding resection criteria, type of resection, histology, degree of invasion, resection margin, complications, disease recurrence. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the McNemar's test, and the Mann-Whitney test, with 5% statistical significance (P<0.05). Results: The most frequent site of the lesion was the gastric antrum and the predominant presentation by the Japanese or Paris classification was the one with depressed components in 56.09%. Adenocarcinoma occurred in 75.6% of the biopsies, and the remainder were adenomas without neoplasia. En-bloc resection occurred in 97.57% of cases, and compromise of the safety margin occurred in one patient. The main pre-existing comorbidity was liver cirrhosis in 29.26% of cases. There was a significant increase in post- ESD adenocarcinoma compared to pre-resection diagnosis. The mean follow-up time was 38.4 months, with one recurrence (2.43%) and two metachronous lesions (4.87%). Complications during and after the procedure occurred in three patients (7.31%), being due to bleeding (two cases) and perforation (one case). There was one death due to a cardiac event not directly related to the procedure. Conclusion: Endoscopic submucosal dissection proved to be a safe procedure, with a low complication and recurrence rate. Its recommendation must occur within the established criteria; however, it can be indicated for patients outside the criteria, if there is a high risk for surgical treatment.
RESUMO Contexto: O tratamento endoscópico das lesões pré-cancerosas e do câncer gástrico precoce tem sido amplamente aceito nos últimos anos. A dissecção endoscópica da submucosa (submucosectomia), obedecendo a critérios estabelecidos de indicação, pode levar a cura da doença em mais de 90% dos casos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o uso da dissecção submucosa endoscópica em pacientes com câncer gástrico precoce e lesões pré-cancerosas, bem como os resultados do procedimento, suas complicações e eficácia no controle da doença. Métodos: Foram analisados 41 pacientes, com idade variando de 53 a 87 anos (média de 65 anos), sendo 58,53% do sexo masculino, no período de 2008 a 2019, sendo este estudo do tipo coorte retrospectivo. As variáveis coletadas dos prontuários foram: comorbidades, classificação da lesão quanto aos critérios de ressecção, tipo de ressecção, histologia, grau de invasão, margem de resseção, complicações, recidiva de doença. A análise estatística foi feita com o uso do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, teste de McNemar e teste de Mann-Whitney, com significância estatística de 5% (P<0,05). Resultados: O local mais frequente da lesão foi o antro gástrico e a apresentação predominante pela classificação japonesa ou de Paris foram os com componentes deprimidos em 56,09%. O adenocarcinoma ocorreu em 75,6% das biópsias e o restante foram adenomas sem neoplasia. A ressecção em bloco ocorreu em 97,57% dos casos, e o comprometimento da margem de segurança ocorreu em um paciente. A principal comorbidade pré-existente foi a cirrose hepática em 29,26% dos casos. Houve um aumento significativo de adenocarcinoma após dissecção endoscópica da submucosa em comparação ao diagnóstico pré ressecção. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 38,4 meses, sendo registrado uma recidiva (2,43%) e duas lesões metacrônicas (4,87%). As complicações durante e após o procedimento ocorreram em 3 (7,31%) pacientes, sendo por sangramento (dois casos) e perfuração (um caso). Houve um óbito por evento cardiológico, não relacionado diretamente com o procedimento. Conclusão: A ressecção endoscópica da submucosa mostrou ser procedimento seguro, com baixa taxa de complicação e de recidiva. A sua indicação deve ser dentro dos critérios estabelecidos, entretanto, pode ser indicada em pacientes fora de critérios, se há alto risco para o tratamento cirúrgico.
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Antecedentes: La detección y resección de lesiones colónicas elevadas (pólipos) sésiles o planas, con polipectomía clásica o compleja detiene la secuencia adenoma-cáncer. La mucosectomía endoscópica (EMR) fue introducida en los setentas y perfeccionada en los ochentas como un procedimiento avanzado para el tratamiento de pólipos grandes o complejos. Una adecuada realización de la técnica puede evitar procedimientos quirúrgicos mayores. Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados y complicaciones de la técnica de mucosectomía (EMR) realizada por gastroenterólogos-endoscopistas en un centro de referencia del Perú. Revisión de indicaciones, éxito, complicaciones y seguimiento. Material y método: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional de pacientes tratados con técnica de mucosectomía endoscópica en un centro de endoscopia de referencia nacional en Lima, Perú, desde enero de 2004 a diciembre de 2018. Se aplicó la técnica de elevación y corte controlado en lesiones polipoideas mayores a 1 cm. Se realizó la resección en bloque en lesiones hasta 3 cms y técnica de "piecemeal" o sacabocado en mayores de 3 cms. Se evaluaron resultados, eventos adversos y recurrencia. Resultados: Se analizaron 756 lesiones en el mismo número de pacientes. Hombres 46.8 % (298) y mujeres 53.2 % (338). La edad promedio fue de 61.9 (rangos 37-91). El tamaño promedio de las lesiones fue de 20,3 mm (10 - 50 mm). El tiempo promedio por procedimiento fue de 46 minutos (rango 20-123 minutos). Se logró resección en bloque en 78.04 % de pólipos (590 lesiones). Se realizó técnica sacabocado en 166 (21.96 %) lesiones. La tasa de complicaciones en nuestra serie fue del 6.74 %, todos manejados endoscópicamente más tratamiento conservador médico sin cirugía. El seguimiento promedio fue de 18 meses (3 - 24 meses) y la tasa global de recidiva local fue de 2.49 %. El tratamiento quirúrgico post procedimiento y con pieza analizada se indicó en 15 casos por adenomas avanzados con adenocarcinoma intramucoso bien diferenciado (ADCA-IM). A los 12 meses, 13 de 15 recidivas fueron tratadas endoscópicamente y 2 casos refractarios fueron operados. Conclusiones: La mucosectomía (RME ó EMR) es un procedimiento que, realizado por endoscopistas-gastroenterólogos bien entrenados muestra baja tasa de recurrencia y complicaciones aisladas permitiendo la obtención de adecuado material para el estudio anátomo-patológico y reduciendo necesidad de cirugía abierta o laparoscópica.
Background: Detection and resection of colonic polypoid sessile and flat lesions, prevents the development of colon cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has emerged in the 70´s and improved in the 80´s, as an alternative treatment of this lesions and is considered the procedure of choice nowadays, being able to avoid major surgical procedures. Objectives: Evaluation of the results and complications of the technique by endoscopists of a reference center. Review of indications and limitations of the technique. Material and methods: Descriptive, retrospective and observational analysis of patients treated with endoscopic mucosal resection technique at a referral center in Lima, Peru, between January 2004 and December 2018. EMR Technique was used in polypoid lesions greater than 1 cm. The bloc resection and the piecemeal resection technique was used for those lesions up to 3 cm and more. We evaluated complications and results according to the technique as recurrence rate, performing tracking in all cases with endoscopic follow up. Results: 756 lesions and patients (338 women and 298 men) The average age was 61.9 years (37-91 years) and the average lesion size of 20.3 mm (10-50 mm). En bloc or one-piece resection was performed in 78.04 %(590) and piece meal in 21.96%(166) achieving endoscopic and pathological resection. The complication rate in our series was 6.74% and managed endoscopically and with conservative measures and no surgery. Mean follow-up was 18 months (3-24 months) and overall local recurrence rate was 2.49%. After-procedure, additional surgical treatment was performed in 15 cases with pathologic piece report and intramucous adenocarcinoma (IM-ADCA). 13 of 15 local recurrences at 12 months follow up were treated endoscopically and 2 had surgical treatment. Conclusions: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or Mucosectomy is a technique performed by experts endoscopists and shows low rates of recurrence and complications with suitable material for pathologic examination. It reduces open and laparoscopic surgery.
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ABSTRACT Background Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an easy-to-use treatment option for superficial colorectal lesions, including lesions ≥20 mm. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of EMR. Methods We evaluated 430 lesions removed by EMR in 404 patients. The lesions were analyzed according to their morphology, size, location, and histology. Lesions <20 mm were resected en bloc, whereas lesions ≥20 mm were removed by piecemeal EMR (p-EMR). Adverse events and recurrence were assessed. Results Regarding morphology, 145 (33.7%) were depressed lesions, 157 (36.5%) were polypoid lesions and 128 (29.8%) were laterally spreading lesions, with 361 (84%) lesions <20 mm and 69 (16%) ≥20 mm. Regarding histology, 413 (96%) lesions were classified as neoplastic lesions. Overall, 14 (3.3%) adverse reactions occurred, most commonly in lesions removed by p-EMR (P<0.001) and associated with advanced histology (P=0.008). Recurrence occurred in 14 (5.2%) cases, more commonly in lesions removed by p-EMR (P<0.001). Conclusion EMR is an effective technique for the treatment of superficial colorectal lesions, even of large lesions.
RESUMO Contexto Ressecção endoscópica da mucosa (REM) é uma opção fácil para o tratamento das lesões superficiais do cólon e reto, inclusive para as lesões ≥20 mm de diâmetro. Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade da REM. Métodos Este estudo prospectivo observacional avaliou 430 lesões ressecadas por REM em 404 pacientes. As lesões foram analisadas de acordo com a morfologia, tamanho, localização e histologia. Lesões <20 mm foram removidas em bloco, enquanto lesões ≥20 mm foram ressecadas em piecemeal REM (p-REM). Eventos adversos e recorrência foram avaliados. Resultados Quanto à morfologia, 145 (33,7%) eram lesões deprimidas, 157 (36,5%) eram lesões polipoides e 128 (29,8%) eram lesões que se espalham lateralmente, com 361 (84%) lesões <20 mm e 69 (16%) ≥20 mm. Em relação à histologia, 413 (96%) foram classificadas como lesões neoplásicas. Globalmente tivemos 14 (3,3%) de reações adversas, mais presente nas lesões ≥20 mm removidas por p-REM (P<0,001) e associadas com histologia avançada (P=0,008). A recorrência ocorreu em 14 (5,2%) casos, sendo mais observada em lesões removidas por p-REM (P<0,001). Conclusão REM é uma técnica efetiva para o tratamento das lesões colorretais superficiais, até mesmo para as grandes lesões.
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Introducción: Los quistes de retención mucoso de los senos paranasales son un hallazgo imagenológico incidental muy frecuente. Usualmente comprometen el seno maxilar. Metodología: Se realizó una amplia búsqueda de la literatura, sobre quistes de retención mucoso nasosinusales, en enero de 2021 en múltiples bases de datos. Se seleccionaron 21 artículos sobre el tema para la realización de la revisión. Discusión: En la mayoría de los casos el tratamiento de los quistes de retención mucoso nasosinusales debe ser expectante debido a su tendencia a la involución y curso asintomático. Sin embargo, en la práctica clínica se observa con frecuencia un manejo quirúrgico sin una indicación clara. Conclusiones: Las indicaciones quirúrgicas de los quistes de retención mucoso son: obstrucción del ostium del seno paranasal, compromiso del complejo ostiomeatal o compromiso del nervio infraorbitario con síntomas secundarios. Es importante que el cirujano reconozca la naturaleza y comportamiento de esta patología para evitar procedimientos quirúrgicos innecesarios.
Introduction: Mucous retention cysts of the paranasal sinuses are a very common incidental imaging finding. They usually involve the maxillary sinus. Methodology: An extensive literature search on nasosinusal mucosal retention cysts was conducted in January 2021 through multiple databases. 21 articles on the subject were included as evidence for this paper. Discussion: In most cases, treatment should be expectant due to its tendency to involution and asymptomatic course. However, in clinical practice, surgical management is frequently observed without a clear indication. Conclusions: Surgical indications for mucosal retention cysts are: obstruction of the sinus ostium, involvement of the ostiomeatal complex, or involvement of the infraorbital nerve with secondary symptoms. It is important for the surgeon to recognize the nature and behavior of this pathology in order to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.
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Humans , Orbital Neoplasms , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Natural Orifice Endoscopic SurgeryABSTRACT
From January 2016 to December 2020, 6 cases of polyps in the appendix cavity with a diameter of 0.3-1.3 cm were treated by endoscopy in the Department of Gastroenterology of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. All 6 cases underwent endoscopic treatment successfully, including 3 cases of en bloc endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 1 case of piecemeal EMR, 1 case of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 1 case of removed by cold forceps. No complications such as bleeding, perforation, infection or acute appendicitis occurred.The wound healed well with no recurrence after re-examination in 3 cases, and 3 others were not re-examined by colonoscopy yet. The results preliminarily confirmed that endoscopic treatment of intraluminal polyps in the appendix cavity is safe and effective.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic treatment for early nonampullary duodenal cancer.Methods:Data of patients with early nonampullary duodenal cancer, who underwent endoscopic treatment from January 2015 to January 2021 at Beijing Friendship Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline data, endoscopic treatment methods, wound closure, pathology, the occurrence and outcome of complications of patients were studied.Results:A total of 47 patients who successfully went through endoscopic treatment were enrolled. Seventeen cases received endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 5 cases received endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 7 cases received ESD+EMR (hybrid ESD). Six cases were converted to hybrid ESD due to difficulty in ESD. Four cases received full-thickness resection with over-the-scope clip system (OTSC), and 8 cases received endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR). Among the 47 cases of early cancer, the en bloc resection rate was 83.0% (39/47), and the complete resection rate was 85.1% (40/47). Four patients (8.5%) had perforation which occurred at the duodenal descending part during the perioperative period, among whom, 2 patients (4.3%) recovered after endoscopic treatment, 2 others (4.3%) recovered after surgical intervention. There were no complications such as postoperative bleeding or infection during the perioperative period.Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment for early nonampullary duodenal cancer is safe and effective. A specific treatment plan can be selected according to the location, size and specific conditions of the lesion. For the operation of the descending part, it is necessary to be more vigilant to against the occurrence of perforation complications.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopy for early cancer of duodenal papilla.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected from 23 consecutive patients with early cancer of duodenal papilla, who underwent endoscopic treatment from January 2015 to January 2021 in Beijing Friendship Hospital. Baseline data, endoscopic and pathological data, occurrence and outcome of complications were studied.Results:Twenty-three patients successfully received endoscopic treatment. The maximal diameter of lesions evaluated under endoscopy was 1.90±0.83 cm. Among the 23 cases, 20 underwent endoscopic mucosal resection and 3 underwent endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection. Delayed bleeding occurred in 5 cases (21.7%), 3 patients (13.0%) developed postoperative hyperamylasemia, 6 patients (26.1%) developed mild acute pancreatitis, and 1 patient (4.3%) had pancreatic duct stent displacement after the operation, which improved after medical or endoscopic treatment. No perforation occurred during the perioperative period. In terms of final pathology, the en bloc resection rate was 82.6% (19/23), and the complete resection rate was 78.3% (18/23). Preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography showed that 19 lesions were confined to the mucosal layer, which were all demonstrated by postoperative pathology. Four other cases were suspected to be involved in the submucosa or the end of the pancreaticobiliary duct under endoscopic ultrasonography, two of which were confined to the mucosal layer, and the other 2 cases involved the submucosal layer, so additional surgery was performed. A total of 18 patients were followed up, among whom 14 achieved complete resection of postoperative pathology, and 2 patients (14.3%, 2/14) were found to have recurrence at 12 and 51 months respectively after the treatment and did not relapse after surgical treatment and endoscopic treatment respectively. Among 4 other patients of follow-up whose pathology did not achieve complete resection, 1 had no recurrence, and the other 3 received additional surgical treatment without recurrence.Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment for early cancer of duodenal papilla is safe and effective. It is necessary to improve preoperative evaluation, stay alert to perioperative complications, and pay attention to regular postoperative endoscopic follow-up.
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Objective:To evaluate the endoscopic therapeutic effect on Barrett esophagus (BE) with special intestinal metaplasia.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 56 patients of BE with special intestinal metaplasia who were diagnosed in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2017 to December 2019 and treated with endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). The postoperative bleeding rate, feeding obstruction rate, operative time, hospital stay and residual or recurrent intestinal metaplasia lesions were studied.Results:There were no significant differences between the ERFA group ( n=43) and the EMR group ( n=13) in terms of age, gender, length of BE, preoperative gastrointestinal symptoms and comorbidity ( P>0.05). The postoperative bleeding rate [23.1% (3/13) VS 0, P=0.010] and feeding obstruction rate [30.8% (4/13) VS 4.7% (2/43), P=0.022] were higher in the EMR group compared with those in the ERFA group, and the operative time [6.0 (5.6, 6.2) min VS 5.4 (5.2, 5.5) min, Z=4.95, P<0.001] and hospital stay [6.0 (5, 7) d VS 3.5 (3, 4) d, Z=5.76, P<0.001] were longer in the EMR group. There were no significant differences in the incidences of postoperative pain or fever between the two groups ( P>0.05). No residual or recurrent intestinal metaplasia lesions were observed during the follow-up in any EMR patient, and follow-up biopsies after the first treatment in the ERFA group revealed residual intestinal metaplasia lesions in 41.9% (18/43) patients, with a significant difference ( P=0.005). Conclusion:EMR is more thorough in the treatment of BE with special intestinal metaplasia, while ERFA is more widely used in clinical practice for simpler operation, shorter operative time, and less postoperative complications.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficiency and safety of endoscopic anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (rGERD) in the absence of hiatus hernia (HH).Methods:Among 28 rGERD patients adimitted to Gastrointestinal Medical Center, Subei People's Hospital from Jan 2018 to Jun 2020 16 underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 12 did endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), The GERD symptoms, endoscopy, 24-h pH monitoring results, manometry, were compared before and after the procedure.Results:ARMS was successfully performed in all 28 patients. Three months after ARMS, 19 patients discontinued the use of pump inhibitors (PPIs), while 9 patients reduced their PPI dose. The GERD questionnaire scores, the median gastroesophageal flap valve grade, the median DeMeester score and acid exposure time based on 24 h esophageal pH monitoring were significantly lower than those before treatment [6.5±2.5 vs.13.4±3.1, 1(1-2) vs.3(1-3), 14.8(8.2-30) vs.34.6(16.2-60.7), 4.4%(1.3%-7.9%) vs. 8.7%(6.2%-13.9%),all P<0.01]. Esophageal sphincter pressure increased after ARMS, from (9.0±3.2) mmHg to (15.5±5.5) mmHg ( t=0.159, P<0.01). The operation time used in ESD was (66.9±4.5) minutes compared to EMR [(29.1±2.0) minutes]( t=13.911, P<0.001). The treatment cost of ESD was (19.9±1.6) thousand yuan vs. for EMR [(9.0±1.6) thousand yuan]( t=58.411, P<0.001). There were no major complications in both groups. Conclusions:ARMS is safe and effective for treatment of rGERD in the absence of HH, and EMR is less time-consuming and more acceptable technique.
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To investigate the clinical and endoscopic characteristics and endoscopic treatment efficacy of cap polyposis, data of 14 patients (56 polyps) who were histologically diagnosed as having cap polyposis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2017 to February 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. Of the 14 patients, 8 were males and 6 were females. The age ranged from 14 to 74 years, including 7 cases of <60 years old and 7 cases of ≥60 years old. 7 patients (50.0%) had clinical manifestations. Four cases had multiple polyps and 10 cases (71.4%) had single polyps. There were 42 polyps (75.0%) located in the rectum, 13 (23.2%) in the sigmoid colon and 1 in the transverse colon. According to the classification of Yamada, 44 polyps (78.6%) were type Ⅰ, 3 polyps were type Ⅱ, 5 polyps were type Ⅲ and 4 polyps were type Ⅳ. Under endoscopy, there were 41 polyps (73.2%) with obvious white cap-like coverings on the surface and 23 polyps with obvious hyperemia and redness on the mucosa, 8 of which were both visible. Two cases were treated with ESD and 12 cases were treated with EMR, all of which were completely excised. No bleeding, perforation, infection or other complications occurred during and after operation. The clinical symptoms of 7 patients were relieved. During the follow-up period, 11 cases (78.6%) completed colonoscopy, and no polyp recurrence was found. In conclusion, there is no gender or age difference in patients of cap polyposis. It is usually single and located in the rectum and sigmoid colon with Yamada type Ⅰ. The surface of lesions is mostly covered with white cap. Patients may have no obvious clinical symptoms. Treatment of ESD and EMR is safe and effective for cap polyposis.
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Introducción: La gastritis eosinofílica es una enfermedad infrecuente caracterizada por la presencia de eosinofilia hística, que afecta las diferentes capas de la pared intestinal. Este tipo de gastritis se caracteriza por una infiltración eosinofílica intensa que puede afectar solo la mucosa gástrica o todas sus capas hasta la serosa. La presentación clínica difiere de la posición y la extensión de la infiltración del eosinófilo, así como también su profundidad a través de la pared del intestino. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente diagnosticado y tratado como una gastritis eosinofílica. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino, raza blanca, de 47 años de edad, que acudió al Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech, de la provincia Camagüey; en octubre de 2019. Refirió que durante los dos últimos meses había consultado en atención primaria de forma esporádica por molestias epigástricas, estos episodios cedían con pautas cortas de antiácidos. Los síntomas comenzaron agudizarse y se hicieron más resistentes al tratamiento, apareciendo náuseas, vómitos y pérdida de peso marcada. Se decidió comenzar la realización de estudios analíticos al paciente. Conclusiones: El resultado del estudio histológico fue infiltrado inflamatorio crónico severo con presencia de eosinófilos más del 50 % que se extiende a todas las capas con epitelio glandular reactivo, concluyó como una gastritis eosinofílica.
Introduction: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of tissue eosinophilia, which affects the different layers of the intestinal wall.This type of gastritis is characterized by an intense eosinophilic infiltration that can affect only the gastric mucosa or all its layers up to the serosa. The clinical presentation differs on the position and extent of the eosinophil infiltration, as well as its depth through the bowel wall. Objective: To present the case of a patient diagnosed and treated as eosinophilic gastritis. Case report: A 47-year-old white male patient from Camagüey province, who attends the Gastroenterology Service of the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital, Camagüey province; in October 2019. He reported that during the last two months he had consulted primary care sporadically due to epigastric discomfort, these episodes subsided with short courses of antacids. The symptoms began to worsen and became more resistant to treatment, with nausea, vomiting and marked weight loss appearing. It was decided to start performing analytical studies on the patient. Conclusions: The result of the histological study was a severe chronic inflammatory infiltrate with the presence of eosinophils more than 50% that extends to all layers with reactive glandular epithelium, concluding it as eosinophilic gastritis.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Since 2012, a new technique for resection of large polyps has been described, the underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR). Some advantages that emerge from it is the needless of injection in submucosal layer and a greater chance of complete capture of the polyp. OBJECTIVE: There are few studies of UEMR in Brazil. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique in one Brazilian center. METHODS: This case series was conducted from February to December of 2020. Colorectal polyps greater than 9 mm without features of deep submucosal invasion were resected using UEMR. RESULTS: Twenty-four large polyps were resected with the UEMR approach from 24 patients. The mean size of the polys was 19 mm, ranging from 12 to 35 mm. All lesions were successful resected and 66% (16/24) were resected en bloc. In histologic analyses, most of them were adenomas (70.8%) and only one had deep submucosal invasion. There were no cases of acute complications, such perforation or acute bleeding. CONCLUSION: The UEMR is a safe and feasible procedure. With the emerging data on the procedure, it seems to be a wonderful tool in preventing colorectal cancer and its applicability and scope should be encourage to surpass reference centers.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: Desde 2012, uma nova técnica para ressecção de pólipos grandes tem sido descrita, a ressecção da mucosa endoscópica sob imersão d'água (REMS). Algumas vantagens que surgem desta técnica são evitar a injeção na camada submucosa e a maior chance de captura completa do pólipo. Objetivo - Há poucos estudos com REMS no Brasil. Nosso objetivo é avaliar a segurança e a eficácia da técnica em um centro brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Esta série de casos foi conduzida de fevereiro a dezembro de 2020. Pólipos colorretais maiores que 9 mm sem sinais endoscópicos de invasão de submucosa foram ressecados utilizando RMES. RESULTADOS: Vinte e quatro pólipos foram ressecados com RMES em 24 pacientes diferentes. O tamanho médio dos pólipos era de 19 mm, variando de 12 a 35 mm. Todas as lesões foram ressecadas e 66% (16/24) foram ressecadas em monobloco. Na análise histológica, a maioria era adenoma (70.8%) e apenas uma havia invasão profunda da submucosa. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de REMS é um procedimento seguro e factível. Com o aumento de dados relativos ao procedimento, esta parece ser uma excelente ferramenta na prevenção do câncer colorretal e sua aplicabilidade deve ser encorajada para fora dos centros de referência.
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Humans , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Colonic Polyps/surgery , Colonic Polyps/pathology , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection , Brazil , Colonoscopy , Ambulatory Care , Intestinal Mucosa , Intestinal Mucosa/surgeryABSTRACT
Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows en-bloc resection of early gastro-intestinal neoplasms (EGIN) with healing potential. Aim: To describe the results of patients treated with ESD for EGIN by our team. Patients and Methods: Descriptive study of patients with EGIN who underwent ESD with curative intention between January 2008 and March 2020. Results: One hundred thirty-two ESD were performed in 127 patients. 77% were gastric lesions, 14% colorectal, 8% esophageal and 1% duodenal. En-bloc resection was achieved in 98.4% of ESDs. Eighty eight percent of patients met curative standards. Overall, cancer-specific, and recurrence-free survival were 95%, 100% and 98% respectively. Conclusions: ESD allows en-bloc resections with curative potential in selected patients, but with a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality and less impact on quality of life. Our results suggest the feasibility to perform ESD in our country with results comparable to those reported in the literature.
Subject(s)
Stomach Neoplasms , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Gastrointestinal Tract , Dissection , Neoplasm Recurrence, LocalABSTRACT
Resumen La mucosectomía endoscópica ha probado ser una alternativa efectiva para el tratamiento del cáncer gástrico temprano; sin embargo, se requiere de un seguimiento estricto para asegurar una conducta de manejo adecuada en caso de recurrencia. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 54 años, con hallazgo incidental de un carcinoma gástrico temprano, a quien se le realizó mucosectomía endoscópica, con un reporte final de histopatología compatible con adenocarcinoma gástrico temprano y márgenes de resección negativos, con un seguimiento endoscópico e histopatológico a 2 meses negativos para malignidad.
Abstract Endoscopic mucosal resection has proven to be an effective alternative for the treatment of early gastric cancer. However, strict follow-up is necessary to ensure adequate management in the event of recurrence. This is the case of a 54-year-old patient with an incidental finding of early gastric carcinoma. He underwent endoscopic mucosal resection, with a final histopathology report compatible with early gastric adenocarcinoma and negative resection margins. Endoscopic and histopathological follow-up at 2 months showed negative results for malignancy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection , Recurrence , Incidental Findings , Research ReportABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the prophylactic effect of clipping after endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) of sessile colorectal polyps of diameter below 10 mm on delayed post-polypectomy bleeding (DPPB).Methods:Patients with sessile colorectal polyps of below 10 mm undergoing EMR from January 2017 to December 2019 in Digestive Disease Hospital, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital were randomly divided into the clipping group (group A) and the non-clipping group (group B) by random number table, and DPPB rates of both groups were compared.Results:A total of 1 838 patients were included, 912 patients in group A and 926 patients in group B. The incidences of DPPB were 1.00% (9/912) and 1.10% (10/926) respectively, with no significant difference ( χ2=0.039, P>0.05). The proportion of bleeding polyps were 0.44%(9/2 029)and 0.49%(10/2 025) respectively, with no significant difference ( χ2=0.055, P>0.05). Polyp of 6-9 mm ( OR=11.032, 95% CI: 2.545-47.821, P<0.05) was the independent risk factor for delayed bleeding in small sessile colorectal polyps after EMR. Conclusion:Prophylactic clipping for sessile colorectal polyps below 10 mm after EMR may not significantly reduce the risk of DPPB.
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Data of 55 cases of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (G-NENS) with diameter ≤12 mm in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2014 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the methods of endoscopic resection, the patients were divided into two groups: the endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap (EMR-C) group (35 cases) and the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) group (20 cases). The results showed that the success rates of operation, the whole resection rates and the complete resection rates were all 100.0% in the two groups. Compared with the ESD group, the EMR-C group had a shorter median operation time (12.00 min VS 28.35 min, P<0.001), less mean hospitalization costs (21 165.19 yuan VS 28 400.35 yuan, P=0.004), and a similar overall incidence of complications [2.86% (1/35) VS 0, P=1.000]. By March 2020, the recurrence rate of EMR-C group and ESD group were 28.6% (10/35) and 15.0% (3/20), respectively, without significant difference ( P=0.418). It is suggested that for G-NENS with diameter ≤12 mm, without muscular invasion, lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis, EMR-C and ESD are both safe and effective, but EMR-C has more advantages in terms of operation time and hospitalization costs.